Medicine Introduction Center

Mexican Drug Cartels Using Terrorist Beheading Tactics

By Michael Webster: Investigative reporter April 20, 2008 10:30 PM PDT

Mexican Drug cartels are ordering decapitations blind folding and hooding victims before they shoot them. The Cartels are sending a chilling message to the Mexican President Felipe Calderon Administration by adopting methods of intimidation made notorious by Middle Eastern terrorist groups. New Terrorist Bases South Of The Border

At least 40 people have been decapitated in Mexico so far this year, with heads stuck on fence posts, found in trash bags and heads being tossed onto a nightclub dance floor for all to see. Mexican drug cartels and terrorist are recruiting for more fighters to train as soldiers

The Felipe Calderon Administration has said the wave of bloodshed knows no politics; it is ravaging state governments controlled by each of Mexico’s three major parties. He singled out Mexico City and the northern states as being especially hard-hit.

“It seems to me that drug violence has overwhelmed the governments of the PAN, the PRI and the PRD,” Calderon said in a radio interview.

He says murder and mayhem fueled by drug smuggling have overwhelmed the governments of the nation’s capital and key states across the country.

The PAN is the ruling National Action Party, while the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI, controlled Mexico’s presidency from 1929 until losing to President Vicente Fox in 2000. In the July 2 presidential election, Calderon, of National Action, barely beat leftist former Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador of the PRD, or Democratic Revolution Party.

Calderon called for legislative and law-enforcement efforts to curb drug violence across party lines “in a very coordinated way.”

The U.S. Embassy in Mexico City has long expressed concern about the growing wave of violence along the northern border, where people are gunned down with automatic weapons nearly daily, and dozens of Americans have been kidnapped held for ransom and some killed. Americans Being Kidnapped, Held and killed in Mexico

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Authorities say more than 3,500 people have died in Mexican drug violence in the last year.

Narcotics investigators on both sides of the border attribute the spike in killings to a territorial war between drug gangs battling for control of lucrative smuggling corridors into the United States.

But U.S. Ambassador Tony Garza recently extended warnings to say Americans should use extreme caution when traveling anywhere in Mexico.

“The bottom line is that we simply cannot allow drug traffickers to place in jeopardy the lives of our citizens and the safety of our communities,” Garza said in a statement Sept. 14.

Drug related killings in Mexico that have included beheadings which have occurred in Guerrero, home to the Pacific resort of Acapulco, Tijuana, Juarez, Nuevo Laredo and in Calderon’s native Michoacan state, in central Mexico west of the capital.

Masked gunmen burst into a seedy nightclub in the Michoacan city of Uruapan, fired guns in the air and rolled five severed human heads onto the dance floor.

The gunmen left scrawled notes on pieces of cardboard, a tactic that has suddenly become common in Michoacan and elsewhere. The notes made reference to “the Family,” while other beheadings in Acapulco and elsewhere have referenced the letter “Z,” suggesting the involvement of “Las Zetas,” a group of former elite Mexican soldiers now working as hit men for the Gulf drug cartel. They’re known as “Los Zetas

On Tuesday, police recovered the body of a man who had been shot 24 times with machine guns in the Michoacan city of Turicato. Messages had been attached to the unidentified, 35-year-ancient victim’s body, including “Anti Z” and “greetings, Z family. This is for the traitors to their country,” the government news agency Notimex reported.

Investigators say Michoacan is a base for powerful cocaine, marijuana and methamphetamine smugglers with ties to some of the countries largest and most-violent drug gangs.

The U.S. and Mexican border cities have jumped in gang-related killings since the beginning of the year. The Mexican government has described the violence as revenge for President Felipe Calderón’s year-ancient crackdown on organized crime that sent thousands of soldiers and federal police into violence-plagued Mexican cities bordering the United States.

The government reports that Mexican drug cartels and gangs operating along the Southwest border are more sophisticated and perilous than any other organized criminal enterprise. The Mexican cartels, and the smuggling rings and gangs they leverage, wield substantial control over the routes into the United States and pose substantial challenges to U.S. law enforcement to secure the Southwest border. The cartels operate along the border with military grade weapons, technology and intelligence and their own respective paramilitary enforcers.

Recently Mexican troops where sent to CD. Juarez Mexico across from El Paso Texas to stop the drug related violence. This latest Mexican troop movement places more than 30,000 Mexican troops combating the Mexican cartels throughout the country. This operation, dubbed Operación Conjunta Chihuahua, by the Mexican army is expected to provoke a violent response from Mexican drug cartels, officials said. The U.S. placed Mexico under a travel alert As Thousands of Armed Mexican Troops Patrol the Streets of Juarez

Health: Drug Abuse

the state of implementation of the strategy against drug abuse was reviewed annually by the reports of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the General Assembly. illicit drug abuse is a major health problem related to the United States, millions of people are addicted to drugs and ruin their precious lives. By analyzing the problems of drug abuse in my medical career of 30 years, the family has been significant fluctuations in the drugs that have been well loved. After the major prevention campaigns in the United States, for example, the upward trend in drug use among eighth graders was reversed studied in the UK found that two years after the end of treatment, regular use of heroin and acquisitive crime are reduced by half. Similar studies in the United States have also shown that participation in illegal activities could be reduced by half. heroin and cocaine a week were reduced to two-thirds, one year after the end of treatment, the National Institute for Research on Drug Abuse showed that young people are less likely to use drugs if they adults are involved in their lives, setting clear rules and reporting drug use is unacceptable. Inform young people about the dangers of substance abuse is necessary but not sufficient in itself to prevent the onset of drug use. The countries reporting increases in drug abuse in the 1990s, compared to the decade of 1990, reversing the previous upward trend, while the number of countries reporting declines has increased at least in part, may be the result of better prevention and control activities of other drugs. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) definition of addiction as “a chronic relapsing brain disease, which is expressed in forms of behavior and occur in a social context,” says one is having problems to treat this condition. Drug prevention in the workplace is a huge responsibility. In this context, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, signed in Palermo in December 2000, should also help to intensify the fight against transnational organized crime all its dimensions, including drug trafficking, in addition to three existing conventions of drugs, “1961 (narcotics), 1971 (psychotropic substances) and 1988 (drug trafficking, including money laundering).

drug abuse has become a global phenomenon that countries have reported increases in drug abuse in the decade of 1990, compared to the decade of 1990, reversing the previous trend upward. At the same time, the number of countries reporting declines were increasing, at least in part, may be the result of better prevention and control activities of other drugs. Inform young people about the dangers of substance abuse is necessary but not sufficient in itself to prevent the onset of drug use. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) definition of addiction as “a chronic relapsing brain disease, which is expressed in forms of behavior and occur in a social context,” says one is having problems to treat this condition. gemäß den Untersuchungen und ihre die Kollegen Nora Volkow vom National Institute on Drug Abuse, durchgeführt haben, der sich im erhöhter orbitofrontal cortex Glukosemetabolismus und wenn ein Pol dem signifikant temporary laufenden Handy – auf obwohl Lautlos gestellt -. Or Vergleich zu einem gehalten years wurde im Handy, Das war AUSGESTELLT illegal drug is a major health problem related to the United States, millions of people become addicted to drugs and ruin their precious lives. By analyzing the problems of drug abuse in my medical career of 30 years, the family has been significant fluctuations in the drugs that have been well loved. The state of implementation of the strategy against drug abuse was reviewed annually by the reports of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the General Assembly. Drug prevention in the workplace is a huge responsibility. The National Institute on Drug Abuse showed that young people are less likely to use drugs if they involved adults in their lives, setting clear rules and communication who use drugs is unacceptable.

Mexico and the U.S. join forces against drug cartels in Mexico

By Michael Webster: Syndicated Investigative Reporter. August 1, 2010

The 22-month multi-agency investigation called “Project Deliverance” resulted in the arrest of more than 2,200 people and the seizure of $ 4 million in U.S. dollars, 1262 pounds of methamphetamine, 2.5 tons of cocaine, heroin, £ 1410, 69 tons of marijuana, 501 weapons and 527 vehicles.

announcing the latest arrests,

“The operation has been cross-border our largest and most successful effort of law enforcement to date targeting these deadly cartels, “said Holder. “Our goal was to attack not only the operations of the cartel, but networks of individuals in the United States, the key cartel distribute drugs in our country and the smuggling of cash and guns out of it.”

The latest wave of arrests, Holder said, describing how some 3,000 American agents and officers were deployed in 16 states. The action led to the arrest people and the seizure of more than 90 kilograms of heroin, more than 2900 kilograms of marijuana and other illicit drugs. More than a million were also seized, he said.

Project Liberation has so far resulted in criminal charges against more than 2,200 people, including Carlos Ramon Castro-Rocha, the alleged leader of the organization of drug trafficking Castro-Rocha. He also led the seizure of more than 4 million. Tons of Cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine and more than 500 weapons, said Holder

Head also congratulated the Mexican government for its role in supporting law enforcement and the joint efforts of both governments. More than 300 U.S. agencies including the FBI and DEA, are part of the working group.

Recently, the Mexican drug trafficker arrested Ignacio “Nacho” Coronel his death during an operation of the Mexican army.

which are also challenges long-standing notion that Mexican government officials at the highest level helped the Sinaloa cartel win the war against drugs. Coronel was the No. 3 of the band led by Joaquin “El Chapo “Guzman, Mexico’s drug lord most wanted.

According to the Mexican authorities of the attack was purely an operation in Mexico. But, the application of state law- States recognizes that the U.S. Intel plays an vital role. But, the Mexicans insist that unlike other recent attacks targeting drug lords were based on U.S. intelligence, Mexican authorities said after a month of work intelligence, the Mexican army was concentrated in Colonel in his mansion on the outskirts of the scale of Guadalajara, Mexico.

One of the posters

The most powerful medicine the world has had fantastic success when soldiers killed the drug lord in a shoot, and his death will probably mean more violence as factions fight for smuggling cocaine and methamphetamine empire corridors he had left.

“I am absolutely convinced that this will impact the ability to … Sinaloa federation to go their drugs, at least in the small term, “said Dave Gaddis, deputy head of operations for the US Drug Enforcement Administration.” They need time to rebuild. “

Continue the attack Friday, soldiers killed Coronel’s nephew, Mario Carrasco Coronel, in a shooting in the suburb of Zapopan.

Ministry of Defence said in a statement that Carrasco Coronel was one of the possible successors of his uncle. The soldiers opened fire, wounding one, before he was killed, the department said.

greater colonel, who had a reward of millions of United States in the head, is considered one of the founders of Mexico’s methamphetamine trade, the construction of laboratories illegal in the country and the smuggling of drugs into the United States. Methods and controlled cocaine trafficking routes that stretched from the Pacific coast of Mexico coast and the interior of Arizona.

Head said the latest attack on the drug cartels here in America was only part of an ongoing effort by the U.S. government.

“Without a doubt, these detentions and seizure operations are closed drug cartel and impact on the ability of traffickers to go drugs to the United States, “said Holder. “These operations have a significant blow against the cartels, but make no mistake: we know that the success of this operation was, it was just one battle in what is an ongoing war will continue to address these perilous cartels wreak havoc on both. sides of the border, and we will continue to target them with every means available to the federal government and state and local partners. “

Obama promised to increase security when he recently met with Calderon, Mexican President Felipe.

Eric Holder United States Attorney General has welcomed the release of project he says has led to Mexican drug cartels and smuggling of drugs, weapons and money across the border. This means to go to Mexico fulfill the promise of Presidents, the President of Mexico at its last meeting in Mexico.

Sources:

DOD

FBI

U.S. Department of State

ck or Google

Mexican Drug Cartel

Cash is king!

The war against drugs in Mexico is now an open war on both sides of the border

Syndicated Reports

Michael Webster have been read worldwide, in 100 or more outlets in the United States and at least 136 countries and territories. It publishes articles in association with news agencies and services with global media over 350 new branches in 136 countries. Many of Mr. Webster’s articles are printed in six working languages: English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish. With more than ten languages ??planed in the near future.

Mr. Webster is America’s leading authority on Venture Capital / equity financing. He served as an administrator in some of the largest funds of the Trade Union of the Nation . A prominent author, speaker, trainer, director of emergency fight against terrorism, war against drugs and the war against terrorism specialist, Business Consultant, Newspaper Publisher. Nouvelles Radio-depth. Labor Law generalist, agent business of the Union of Teamsters, general organization, union members and file members of the claims representative, NLRB Union Representative, the contract negotiator for the Union, Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board hearing, the representative . Mr. Webster represented management on that side of the table as the former Director of Federated of Nevada. Mr. Webster publishes on-line newspapers and investigative reports for print, news agencies and electronic line.

Government always – Do we really want our politicians are agile enough to solve the problem of drug trafficking ?

One of the main problems that this country is losing the war against drugs. He started forty years ago, all levels of government of the United States have probably spent over a trillion dollars and has made small progress in the battle with narco state law is evolving right under our southern border, a state of lawlessness perverted by the excessive profits of the drug. Consider some recent news articles that illustrate these points of anarchy and violence of drug cartels

– A recent article in The Huffington Post reported on the murder of a Mexican mother who had been protesting against the governor’s office in Mexico to demand justice for her daughter killed recently. Three judges were suspended for the release of the prime suspect in the murder of his daughter, who apparently turned around and killed the mother of protest, a murder that was recorded on a video security. The killings took place in Ciudad Juarez, where more than 3,000 people were killed in fighting drug gangs in 2010. That is more than 2600 people who died in 2009. Of the 2600 murders in 2009, there were 93 cases of murder was opened and only 19 convictions. This calculates to open a case and a conviction rate of 3.6% down from 0.73%

-. Even if the murderer of the mother had locked himself in a Mexican jail, there is no guarantee that they have stayed. Another recent article in The Huffington Post reported that more than 150 prisoners escaped from a prison in northern Mexico, a break was probably facilitated by the prison staff. The local government has issued a statement saying: “. The State is not able to keep [the violent prisoners] to escape” does not look like a very safe prison system if those who openly acknowledge that running, they can not stop the leaks “. br />
The article indicates that the area where the prison was also affected by the violence between drug gangs and the Gulf Zeta. It is not known if the threats of the guards by the bands or financial incentives to help groups guards fled, were factors, but obviously they were worthy of investigation. Therefore, it is likely that the influence of drugs were involved in one way or another

-. The Associated Press reported Dec. 15, 2010 as a U.S. Border Patrol agent was killed in a shooting near Nogales, Arizona, the busiest corridor for smuggling and drug trafficking from Mexico to U.S. officials estimate that half of the marijuana seizures along the southern border of the United States in this area, which is also the busiest point of entry for illegal immigrants. The scary thing is that this report will fight to the death and the weapon was not just over the border, but 13 miles of the border, when a group of gunmen exchanged fire officers. Two months ago, Secretary of Homeland Security, Janet Napolitano, had boasted that the border is more secure than ever. The family of the murdered agent might disagree with his /> – The Associated Press reported November 25, 2010, the U.S. police found a cross-border tunnel between Tijuana, Mexico and San Diego was a way for drug smuggling Mexican drug cartels in the country. The tunnel was the second tunnel learned in the month, which raises the question how many other, tunnels drug could be learned there.

Police found 40 tons of marijuana in the tunnel system, which was equipped with lighting, ventilation and a rail system to go drugs across the border and to extend the mandate of seven football fields. On the Mexican side of the border at the tunnel entrance was reduced by more than 80 feet to a wood floor and covered the American side the entrance was 50 feet deep

-. Other press reports about the drug cartels and Mexico in 2010 included a raid in the southern United States, where he found a fully submersible submarine, to be used for drug trafficking, under construction in the jungle, the murder of a U.S. citizen they went on skiing vacation on a lake between Mexico and the U.S. border, and the recommendation of the Mexican government that Mexican citizens to return to Mexico for vacation travel in convoys and daylight for their own security against bandits and drug cartels.

Whatever the politicians and the government is not working, but costing us billions and billions of dollars a year. The demand for illicit drugs has not decreased significantly, while the obscene profits made by filling out this request resulted in an element of criminal violence and suppliers. With the death of a border services officer 13 miles of the border, we witness the first migration of Mexican lawlessness and increasing violence in our country.

those who bring violence are not common street criminals. If you are able to dig smuggling tunnels and sophisticated submarines fully operational, we are faced with a force of well-funded, well organized and focused criminal force can more or less corrupt, threaten or kill a Mexican official interrupt their operations.

Compare your skills with the American political class, a group of politicians that the list to pass a law that regulates the volume of television commercials on major achievements in 2009. If we allow our politicians and their approach to problem solving to counter this threat, who do you reckon wins?

returns to New York Times writer David Brooks called “the government is.” It is highly unlikely, after more than four decades, the current group of politicians in this country are smart enough and agile enough to repel successful migration of violence likely to drugs in this country. The drug cartels are focused, well organized and flexible, the descriptions of three that are never applied to our political class.

That we are facing the immobility? A apporach is impanel a special commission of intelligent Americans, politicians and doctors lobbyists, zero to one aspect of the drug market, legal and illegal. It would build on the expertise of economists, sociologists, medical experts, experts in drug abuse, experts in the fight against drugs, legal experts, etc., and also on the experiences of other nations that have been less successful in changing their approach to addiction every social issue.

Work Group would result in a small set of alternatives to the question set, alternatives to be voted by the American public, bypassing Congress and the political class is still all. The most well loved alternative, as determined by voters who have examined the advantages and disadvantages of each option, as determined by the jury, would be held throughout the country. This time would be to restore the power democracy for the people, while ultimately improving the lives of the country’s drug cartels and violent intrusive.

The state government in California is currently spending much of their budget on prison systems in the school systems of the student. By changing our approach to the war against drugs, maybe, just maybe, we can stop this kind of madness of our politicians. But, only the end if we find a way to avoid stagnation. After forty years, it is likely unhighly follow the advice of an ancient song and start to “Go Mobile”.

Drug Offence Lawyers

Usually, possession would entitle the offender to 2 years in prison and/or a fine. But, trafficking could result to a lifetime of prison. If trafficking becomes the issue, contact the nearest Drug offence lawyers straight away.

Drug offence lawyers have the necessary skills to represent you in the court of justice. Lawyers are also capable of coming up with evidence from items in the vicinity down to DNA analysis which can prove your innocence. Their contacts within the research, chemical, and pharmaceutical industry will be helpful in gathering evidences to support their case as well. It is vital to get in touch with an attorney that has access to all these to get the best defense possible.

Legality

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For drug activity to be considered illegal, the quantity of drugs, their classification, and the purpose of possession are first identified. Also, the Controlled Substances Act uses the following as criteria for controlling a certain type of drug:

Potential for abuse
Evidence of its effects
Data regarding a drug’s substance
History of abuse
Extent and significance of abuse
Risk to public health
Its psychic or physiological dependence liability

The most common drugs involved here are those with small medical benefits and are addictive such as Heroin, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Mescaline, Marijuana, and Peyote (also known as Schedule I drugs). But, this does not mean these are the only drugs being controlled; prescription drugs may also be grounds for illegal activity when abused.

 

Services

 

Bail is probably the most sought-after service from drug offence lawyers. When police authorities do not allow bail on certain criminal offences, the attorneys may prove possible justification for the bail of their clients. There are several defenses that can be used against drug possession.

 

Some of these include the lack of knowledge behind the possession (e.g. someone puts pills in your pockets), prescription of the drugs (despite the lack of medical benefits of most Schedule I drugs), certification that the drugs are for research purposes, and certification that they are used for police activity. Drug offence lawyers are also well versed with traffic cases and are there to investigate further any sighting of drugs found in vehicles which are subjective to a lot of assumptions in numerous possible occasions.

 

 

 

 

Drug Rehabilitation abuse in the UK: DTTOs and RRD

1 Introduction The link between crime and drug use is a fact reinforced by a large amount of empirical evidence, and certainly not a claim based on weak assumptions. This is the link and the solid foundation on which the state has led to the design and implementation of rehabilitation programs for inmates in the United Kingdom, as in the United States, Australia and the nations of Western Europe. Like Johnson, Lipton, and Wish (2001) clarifies, given the link between drugs and crime, the implementation of rehabilitation programs for drug addicts in prisons can be defined as a strategy to reduce recidivism rates and safe reintegration of offenders into society. It is, in other words, an integral part of rehabilitation programs for prisoners the possibility of recurrence of their underlying causes, in this case, drugs.

without claiming that drugs are responsible for all recidivism rate higher than the UK is currently suffering, is one of its major causes (Burnett, 2004). rehabilitation programs for offenders have the potential to significantly reduce recidivism rates and, consequently, reduce the national crime rate in general (Burnett, 2004). In fact, Burnett (2004), a criminologist and expert on Offender Management and Research, said the order of detox and testing (DTTOs) and drug rehabilitation requirement (DRR), which evolved from it, are derived empirically tested the relationship between drugs and crime and who are motivated by the need to reduce the rate of crime against the nation by a leading cause of recidivism. This research, but, not proceed from a premise of unconditional acceptance of the correlation between substance abuse and crime, therefore, the recurrence rate of reduction and treatment. But, a critical analysis of research attempts to divert drug users outside of the prison system and reduce recidivism rates through their inclusion in drug treatment programs, with particular reference to the RRC and DTTOs. The first study will start with the identification and definition of key concepts, after which he talked about the relationship between drugs and crime, the examination of causal models of drug-related crimes and then examine the extent to which DTTOs RRC and solutions have become at least partially, the problem of the investigation.

2 Summary of key terms

Research has four key terms. In this small section of the study will suffer and define each.

2.1 Treatment Drugs

DTTOs and orders for testing, a type of prayer in the community, introduced under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (Hough et al., 2003, p. 1). As Hough et al (2003) clarify, DTTOs “were designed as a response to evidence of the relationship between problem drug use and acquisitive crime.” As such, they are an overview of the sentence is to rehabilitate drug addicts and large, thereby facilitating their reintegration into society and reduce the possibility of recurrence.

2.2

RRD A Ministry of Interior (2005) publication of the requirement of detoxification program drug rehab, which came into force in April 2005 to replace DTTOs. The Ministry of Interior (2005, Section 3) defines DRR as “the main delivery route for drug interventions within the community penalties for adult offenders. It is a treatment (either in the community or in a residential) and regular drug testing. “

2.3 TerapéuticaProgramas Community

therapeutic community rehabilitation programs have been the first drug specifically for prisoners. It is based on the assumption that the use of hard drugs and crime are inextricably linked and that reducing recidivism depends on the rehabilitation of addicted prisoners (Palmer, 2003). DTTOs, as Palmer (2003) has evolved in the construction of the therapeutic community.

2.4 Problem drug users

users drug problems are hard drugs and alcohol. Its dependence, according to several researchers, reduces your ability to lead productive lives, as the constructive role of the community and members of society and often grows in crime as a strategy to support their habit (Sampson and Laub, 2001, Raynor and Vanstone, 2002).

3 Connecting Drugs and Crime

Although several studies have examined the relationship between drugs and crime, these studies n have not always distinguish between alcohol and illegal drug use. Many studies only examine the pharmacological effects of alcohol or drugs, while others are examining the economic relations between drugs and crime.

3.1

empirical evidence Alcoholla suggest that alcohol plays an vital role as a factor in violent crime. In fact, alcohol was a key factor in the increase in homicide rates since 1960 (Parker and Rebhun, 1995). Based on his study of the relationship between drugs and alcohol to violent crime, Parker and Rebhun (1995) concluded that alcohol is more associated with violent crime than any other drugs. Specifically, alcohol has played a major role in the murder, rape, assault, and child and spousal abuse than any other illicit drug. In a review of the pharmacological effects of alcohol and cost compared to the crack well loved drug, Parker and Rebhun (1995) found that alcohol was evident in about 20 percent of all violent crimes, while the crack was a factor by only 3 percent. In The same study found that 17 percent of all crimes against property occurred while the person was under the influence of alcohol.

Studies show that more than half of all homicides and assaults involve alcohol consumption (Collins et Messerschrnidt, 1993; Roizen, 1993). Through interviews of detainees and fallow Spiess, 2000 (2000) reported that about one third of prisoners report of the commission of crimes under the influence of alcohol. In fact, studies at both individual and large-scale, Cook and Moore (1993) found that rates of homicide and other forms of criminal activity were positively correlated with the availability and alcohol consumption per capita. They further argued that in cities where efforts to reduce consumption have been conducted, a decrease in violent crime was so obvious.

3.2

Illegal Drugs Based on numbers alone, it would be incorrect to assume that there is a direct causal relationship between drug use and crime, although studies of heroin addicts dominate the literature because of the apparent link the crime (Ball et al., 1983). Studies of heroin users found that drug use accelerates the active level of a drug crime by a factor of four to six times (Ball et al, 1983. Johnson, Lipton, and Wish, 2001). The conclusions of cocaine crime have been reported (Goldstein., 1981). First impressions of the studies of crack-related crime indicate that crime rates among users of crack is equal to or greater than the rate of heroin-related crime. On the other hand, the results of an Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) report (2000) suggest that the drugs can cause violent crime, it is based on competition in the illegal drug trade, conflicts between users and vendors, or lack of social control among drug users. In another example of drug-violence in relationships, a study by Valdez, Yin and Kaplan (1997) examined the data to predict the result of the crime of aggressive drug and alcohol-related variables in a sample of 2364 men. In general, they found that to be accused of a crime related to aggressive testing positive for drug use. On the basis of these studies and others (Sampson and Laub, 2001, Raynor and Vanstone, 2002; Palmer, 2003; Burnett, 2004) that, regardless Whatever the reason, there seems to be a pattern of results suggests that violence often accompanies drug use.

4 causal models of drug-related crime

According to Goldstein (198L), four causal models for clarify the link between drugs and criminal activity. The first of these, the psychopharmacological model suggests that the person is physically and psychologically affected by their drug use, which makes him act. This is most evident among those who not a violent person, because the drugs can cause normally rational to act outside the norm. Among the studies that have been made, the effects psychophannacological were found more consistently in any alcohol use other drugs. psychopharmacological effects have also been shown in studies of illicit drugs. Barbiturates can often lead to violent or aggressive behavior. Chronic use of cannabis, opiates, amphetamines, and also increases the risk of violence (Miczek and al., 1994). psychophannacologica1 Although research does not match the criminal activity with a corresponding product, research does not clarify the potential causal relationships between drugs and crime (White and Gorman, 2000).

The second model, the economic motivation refers to the need for money to support an addiction to illicit drugs (Goldstein, 1981). Support for this model comes mainly from the literature on heroin addiction . Studies show that provide evidence of economic motivation that the increased frequency of substance use necessarily raises the rate of offending the person, crimes against property especially (Sampson and Laub, 2001). self-report research Criminal Records of Prisoners provides a picture of the economic motivation. According to a survey held in 1991, it is estimated that 17% reported their crimes to get money to buy drugs (and fallow Spiess, 2000). 1997, 19% of inmates admitted committing <-! NextPage -> their crimes to obtain money for drugs (Spiess and brownfield, 2000). In general, these figures serve to demonstrate the economic link between substance abuse and crime.

systemic model third explanatory model of drug-related crime. This model suggests that negative interactions in the drug market occur due to the sale or distribution of illicit drugs (Goldstein, 1981). For example, drug-related homicides increased significantly with the introduction of crack in 1985, suggesting that systemic violence can be associated with the well loved drug of the time (Blumstein, 1995).

A fourth model can be used to clarify the relationship between drugs and crime is the common cause model, also known as the model life of the substance abuse.Essentially, this model suggests that substance abuse and criminal behavior cause by mutual and predictors. This model holds that there is a specific characteristic or variable that causes substance abuse, but many variables play an vital role in the connection between drugs and criminal activity. For example , Jessor and Jessor (2000) found that variables such as smoking, sexual promiscuity, excessive consumption of alcohol, marijuana and other drugs, theft and assault were brought together in a group behavior impacts associated with traditional attitudes.

Based on the above information, it is clear that there is an undeniable link between crime and drug use. The realization of this link leads to the belief that the prison was an opportunity for drug rehabilitation, with the assumption that treatment success was a guarantee against recurrence.

5 prisons prison drug treatment

, drug treatment programs are an integral part of efforts to rehabilitate offenders and reintegrate them into society and a strategy for reducing recidivism rates. This section will discuss the critical research in prisons, drug treatment programs, and for that, try to identify benefits DTTOs / DRR has over its predecessor, the TC, if any.

5.1

TerapéuticaInvestigación The Community has shown that the most effective treatment and efficient to trap a therapeutic community (TC). The TC for the first time in a correctional facility was established in 1962 in Nevada State Prison, with several others to follow in the second half of the decade, eventually spread to the United Kingdom and several other Western European countries (Inciardi and Martin, 1993). The therapeutic community has gradually become a well loved treatment modality based on the evidence that the TC model is an effective tool for drug treatment in prisons. Farrell (2002) found that among graduates of CT followed by seven years after the treatment success rates above 5 percent, which means that prisoners interrupted drug use and criminal activity. On the contrary, the abandonment of the monitoring program during the same period showed a 30 percent rate of success (Farrell, 2002). Although there is no consensus on what works best treatment for the types of offenders and in what places, Several studies have shown that treatment in prisons, especially the TC model, can be effective in reducing relapse and recidivism of offenders involved in drugs (Simpson, Wexler, and Inciardi, 1999).

The Foundation therapeutic community is that a person needs treatment for addiction diseaseof. Most of the TC programs as multidimensional view of the disease, which affects alltraits of the person, including their attributes social, psychological and physical. Therefore, the goal of TC is to develop a change in lifestyle of the client and the social and psychological characteristics. According to De Leon (1996: 52), substance abuse, and more specifically, drug abuse, is “integrated into a broader of personality disorders, social deviance, disaffiliation, and personal dysfunction. ” Based on this concept, the TC considers addiction as a deviant behavior that reflects the personality development of the poor as well as deficits in social skills, educational and economic (Farrell, 2002).

As

addiction affects the whole person, recovery can be achieved without treatment of all aspects of the person. The therapeutic community is different from other types of addiction treatment, providing a residential environment for offenders, by providing an environment to change their way of life free of social pressures. A major problem in drug-related offenders is that the environment of the community outside the prison is often a major contributor to drug activity (De Leon, 2002). Therefore, the accused family environment with a vacuum treatment, self-destructive characteristics allows the possibility of full recovery.

Recognizing that addiction is a multidimensional problem that is half the battle, the other half is the recognition of different stages of addiction and the addict to accept treatment as a necessary part of his life. De Leon (1996, 2002) describes ten distinct stages that addicts go through a treatment program in CT. The first six steps are the stages of pre-treatment, to be held before the addict to accept rehabilitation. The first stage is denial, during which the individual experiences the abuse of personal property and associated problems, but can not recognize or accept that he has a problem. In the second stage of ambivalence, the drug shows some recognition of the problem, but an uneven acceptance of the consequences of drug use continues to himself and others. But, the attacker attributes his drug problems to external influences rather than seek treatment or change. Examples of these external motivations include the fears and concerns about legal issues, money problems, health problems, family problems, or other social responsibilities.

In the next step, preparing for change, the drug shows a willingness to seek change, but at this point they often choose options that are not related to treatment. For example, the drug user decides to change the geography, religion, work or relationships rather than choosing a treatment because he feels that the self is the key to detoxification. Finally, he realizes that this is not possible and prepare for treatment. At this stage, the abuser denies all other options for change, with the exception of the treatment, the treatment of perception as the only alternative. This is where the addict realizes that he needs to change not only their environment and relationships (De Leon, 1996, De Leon, 2002). During this phase, the consumer develops an intrinsic motivation for change. The abuser shows the recognition of drug use and associated problems and hopes for change on the basis of positive and negative internal reasons. At this stage of addiction, the addict realizes that change starts with his own desire for rehabilitation and treatment is a necessary part of recovery. Once the offender is aware that the treatment is a necessity, due to the treatment phase and therapeutic engagement is beginning to emerge. These include detoxification, a press release from active duty, essentially making a behavioral pharmacological detoxification and abstinence, which is a stable release of the drug for an extended period of time, continuity, which is used sobriety and personal choice to buy and maintain a lifestyle free of drugs, and integration and identity change, which allows the separation of treatment for an extended period and entry into a new style of life. At this point, self-examination took place, and sobriety is internalized (De Leon, 1996, De Leon, 2002).

Previous research in rehabilitation programs for prisoners talking about the understanding of a decades-long relationship between drug abuse / addiction and crime. While recognition is vital, it is hard to act against those who have not yet been charged with or convicted of a crime. The prison, but, offers an ideal opportunity to act on this recognition and, in fact, has been found to help reduce recidivism rates. Precisely for this reason that the prisons of the United Kingdom have rehabilitation programs that usually take the form of technical cooperation. In addition, for this reason that DTTOs and DRR are designed and approved by the legislature.

5.2 and RRD

DTTOs direct comparison with CT, DTTOs / DRR are proactive rather than reactive approaches to reduce crime rates through the drug treatment. TC takes place in the prison and, as such, can be defined as the state’s response to substance abuse among inmates. DTTOs / DRR are developed, but, in the community can be defined as mandatory treatment programs for drug addicts in order to reduce the chances of your crime as a way to embrace life. Is, in other words, a proactive response to crime which involves the orientation of persons considered vulnerable to crime.

According to a report of the House of Commons by the National Audit Office (2004) noted that mandatory testing of those arrested in the crime found that between 36 and 66% had committed their crimes under the influence of drugs. Based on these results, the Interior Ministry presented DTTOs designed to reduce crime rates through the court-ordered compulsory registration of offenders tested positive for drugs in the drug treatment community programs (NAO , 2004). Presented under the Crime and Disorder Act (1998), DTTOs made available to courts of England and Wales since October 2000 and gave the courts the power to impose sentences of “mandatory -! NextPage – treatment programs> in the community, involving regular drug tests to determine compliance with the program (NAO, 2004).

Before national implementation of DTTOs, pilot studies were conducted in England and Scotland between 1999 and 2000. The results of these studies were positive and highlighted the potential of the judiciary mandatory community-based detoxification programs on substance abuse treatment and, therefore, contribute to the security to leave the crime (Eley et al. , 2002). Turnull (1999) confirms these results. He emphasized that the experimental studies indicate a significant reduction in drug use among the participants and an associated decrease in crime. While recognizing that a significant percentage of participants did not complete their treatment after drug use, Turnbull (1999) stresses that the transition from hardcore to soft drugs and significantly reduced levels of drug use. In fact, the results of these studies indicate that the average offender, participants was 500 pounds a week before treatment to 30 pounds a week after completion of treatment program (Turnbull, 1999). The results of these pilot studies encouraged the national implementation of DTTOs.

results of the post-implementation are not encouraging. As Hough et al (2004), one to two years of follow-up study indicated that recidivism rates are not significantly affected. The study of 161 offenders who received DTTOs, the authors found that rates of completion of the program were very low, hovering around 30%. For people who have not completed the treatment program, the recidivism rate is about 80% while for those who do, the recurrence rate was significantly reduced (Hough, 2004). The point here is that while DTTOs has the potential to reduce recidivism rates, low completion rate of DTTOs limit the ability to realize their full potential. Turnball and Webster (2007) that the same argument for DRR. The potential is there, but it is not possible due to large numbers of offenders completed the program and tend to be taken lightly. It is, therefore, critics argue that the imperatives of respect or shut up and bring offenders to treatment programs in prison rather than community (Turnbull and Webster, 2007).

6 Conclusion

study said that the relationship between drugs and criminal behavior can not be ignored. Supported by empirical evidence and researched countless academics and criminologists have argued that reducing the crime rate is partly based on the orientation of the link. The argument is based on the assumption that the treatment of addiction to significantly reduce the likelihood of recidivism and, quite possible, offset the chances of your final embrace of crime as a way of life, mainly determined by the imperatives to support their habit. This link has been developed through programs in prisons and others that take place in the community. The former have proven effective, but the second, which take the form of DTTOs and DRR, no. This is because the basics of DTTOs / DRR are weak or terrible in itself, but because the rate of completion of the program are low and, therefore, recidivism rates are high. It is, therefore, that efforts should be redirected towards meeting DTTOs / DRR and completed safely.

7

BibliografíaBola, JC, Rosen, L., Flueck, SA, and Nurco, DN (1983). Day to day criminality of heroin addicts in Baltimore: A study in the continuity of offense rates. Addiction to drugs and alcohol, 12, 119-42.

Blumstein, A. (1995). Youth violence, guns, and illicit drug industry. By Carolyn Block and Richard Block (Eds.), Trends, risks and interventions in lethal violence: Proceedings of Spring Symposium the third edition of the book Homicide Research Group Research Report, NCJ 154254. Washington, DC. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice

R. Burnett (2002) The dynamics of recurrent Oxford: … Oxford Centre for Criminological Research

De Leon, G. (1996). Integrative recovery: A new paradigm of the scene. Addiction 17 (1):. 51-63

De Leon, G. (2002). The therapeutic community: theory, model and method. New York:. Springer

Eley, S., Gallop, K. Mc / Ivor, G. Morgan, K. and Yates, R. (2002) Drug treatment orders and tests: Evaluation of the pilot Scottish Stirling. Scottish Central Research Unit.

Farrall, S. (2002) Rethinking what works with offenders:. Probation, social context of crime and to refrain Cullompton:. Willan

Goldstein, P.J. (1981). More: economic alternatives to crime by drug users in the street. In James A. Inciardi (Ed.), connecting on Drugs and Crime (pp. 67-84). Oxford:. Oxford University Press

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Bureau (2005) Substance Abuse Intervention Program. Retrieved April 11, 2008

, Mr. Hough Clancy, A. Moreau, T. and Turbull, PJ (2004) The impact of drug treatment and testing orders of offending: two year results of re-offending in London. Department of the Interior

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Inciardi, J. and A. Martin, uninsured (1993). Drug treatment in criminal justice circles. Journal of the drug problem 23 (1): 1-6.

Jessor, R. And Jessor, S. (2000). Behavioral and psychosocial development, a longitudinal study of youth. New York:. Academic Press

Johnson, BD, Lipton, DS, and desire, ED (2001). Facts about crime in heroin and cocaine and some new alternatives to incarceration. New York: Narcotic and Drug Research, Inc.

Miczek, KA, Debold, JF, Haney, M., Tidey, J. Vivian, J., & Weerts, EM (1994). Alcohol, drugs of abuse, aggression and violence. Violence Albert J. Reiss and Jeffrey A. Volume Roth (Eds.), Understanding and Prevention, 3 (pp. 377-570). Washington, DC. National Academy Press

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Office of National Drug Control Policy (June 2000). Pennsylvania: Profile of drug indicators. Rockville, Md.:. National Criminal Justice Reference Service

Palmer, EJ (2003) Behaviour Crime: .. Moral Reasoning conduct of offender rehabilitation Devon. Willan

Raynor, P. and Vanstone, M. (2002) Community Penalties understanding:. Change of probation, social policy and Buckingham. Open University Press

Sampson, RJ and JH. Laub (1993) Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points in life in London: .. Harvard University Press

Simpson, DD, Wexler, HK and Inciardi, JA (1999). Introduction. The 79 prisons (3) Journal:. 291-3

Spiess, M. and fallow, D. (2000). Drug offenses. United States

insurable are drug users?
Canadian

2009 alcohol and drug use Monitoring Survey shows that cocaine and crack are among the drugs most used by adults and adolescents, second only to marijuana.

Very few of them take pleasure in the use of cocaine, compared with 10.6% of marijuana, approximately 11% of all Canadians to use a banned substance during the interval examined. Of these six drugs are cannabis and / or marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy (MDMA), hallucinogens (no sage), and heroin (diacetylmorphine). 17.7% men and 7.6% of women had used drugs with young people to reach 27.3%.

While the trend is a decrease in drug use in general, there are many drug addicts and ex-users who need life insurance for a day.

Of course, insurers do not really particularly welcome the use of cocaine or other hard drugs. Continued use of recreational drugs make instant denial. This is because the use of illegal drugs is a pre-existing condition. Current drug users is still possible to qualify for simplified issue insurance of life. These policies have no medical evidence as a prerequisite to approval and many of them do not require the applicant to all questions related medical drugs. Thus the domestic life insurance leading from cocaine, heroin and ecstasy:

Your continued use of recreational drugs will result in a refusal by the client company has seguros . If the drugs were for four years or more, the price offer will probably result in a policy evaluation if the applicant is otherwise in excellent shape. A score of policy means that the insured qualifies, but pay a higher premium in their coverage because the insurer assumes a higher risk. The notes are usually multiple and can vary from 50% to 400% in the rate of customers plot estándar.Si stopped taking the drugs for more than four years, the insured may be eligible for the premium standard (ie no policy evaluation). But, this applies only if he or she does not have the health and lives of others. Insurance advisor

Excellent enough experience in this field can help you buy insurance on the quality of life for a reasonable price.

What you need to know about the procedures for drug treatment

The meaning of “addiction” is described as the consumption of psychotropic drugs and drugs to improve athletic performance for non-medical. Examples of drugs used are alcohol, barbiturates, morphine, benzodiazepines, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines and other opiates such as hydrocodone and codeine. The meaning of other drugs can be grouped into four distinct groups: the medical definitions, the ground contact and the use of slang, definitions of social protection, and political and criminal classifications.

Since drug abuse and drug addiction can affect an individual, it is vital to encourage drug addicts to get treatment for addiction. There are different types of addictive drugs available today. Methodology of drug treatment may be different from the alternative drug to another. Methods of treatment also depends on the uniqueness of people with addiction problems and may be different when it comes to methods. Many addicts are facing problems in relation to physical and psychological problems. On the other hand, there are some addicts who are facing problems related to work-related topics or the public. Unfortunately, public affairs makes a lot of difficulty dealing with problems of addiction / dependence conditions of people who are dependent on illegal substances.

The attempt to stop the drug falls shortly. Although there are a number of small-term tests, exploits the long-term prowess are still rare. A number of treatment processes that were invented to help addicts quit their addiction to drugs. Treatment methods are different approaches, such as harm reduction, abstinence-based therapeutic systems, drugs and legal means. The process of drug treatment are divided into two groups. The first category includes a set of common services for drug treatment, while the latter includes criminal justice, due process />
Methodologies addiction

(1) Agonist Maintenance Cure:
This treatment technique is widely used to combat drug abuse and is often called procedure methadone. In this program, certain synthetic substances and opiates such as methadone or LAAM apply. These substances are constantly consumed in sufficient quantity to prevent the elimination of opiates and arresting the effects caused by the abuse of opioids. Desire for opiates also decreases over time. Comprehensive advice is usually done throughout this process.

(2) narcotic antagonist naltrexone Cure with the application of
Usually this treatment program is an extension of the treatment program previously mentioned abuses. Here, the naltrexone is used as a substitute for LAAM or methadone, a synthetic antagonist of long duration. It is significant that the addicted person is free of opiates for several days that naltrexone could be used. Now it should be noted that this antagonist has no subjective point of view of addiction and effects as well. Rehabilitation and counseling are also needed in this type
(3) Cure Outpatient Drug Free
This method of drug treatment has become well loved over the day. This process is not associated with rehabilitation. In this case, the necessary drugs are given after hearing the statement that the patient addictive. As an alternative to individual therapy, group therapy takes place in the substance abuse treatment program. This program is less expensive compared to the two categories mentioned above. This method of treatment is going well with workers, students and people with broad social and family humor.

(4) long-term
residential treatment program
In this case, people with substance abuse problems are allowed to enter particularly in residential treatment centers for drug addiction surrounding non-medical purposes. There are several residential treatment services offered. The cognitive-behavioral therapy and the therapeutic community are two of the most well-known. These centers include patients, doctors, counselors and other staff. Length of residence is approximately six months to one year. During this period, the necessary drugs are provided to mentally ill and advice addictive is made. This process is useful for addictive patients have the misfortune not to have the encouragement of public and family is necessary.

(5)

This treatment is really based on a model also known as step 12. First, this procedure has been scheduled for treatment services for alcohol dependence, but soon found that this process is also useful for treatment services for cocaine abuse.

(6)
medical detoxification
In this type of program for drug treatment, the remains of prohibited drugs are released from the human body. In general, the human body is detoxified during the treatment period. The whole procedure is under scrutiny by an experienced doctor. It is also essential to reduce the addictive nature of the addictive person through counseling.

(7) Legal
treatment services
It is a fact that drug addiction is absolutely illegal. In cases where the abuse of addictive drugs a person, you are bound to experience drug treatment techniques abuse that comes from grief. There are two types of legal processing services:. The program prison drug treatment and the program of community treatment

Drug treatment can be successful only assume that the person is addictive as encouragement that comes from family, friends and community. The addictive person must comply with the advice they gave you a doctor or counselor.

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Drugs of abuse dead is nearly 40,000
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In a recent report from the Department of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), deaths from Drugs are much more common than alcohol-related deaths to firearms.

According to a recent official report of the CDC, 38,371 deaths were drug related, only in the USA All drugs, including illegal drugs or illegal drugs (heroin or cocaine) and legal drugs, prescription and nonprescription medications were counted, but no alcohol.

Most deaths are due to an overdose of prescription drugs and drug intoxication deaths. Drug intoxication, drug poisoning of undetermined intent suicidal who constitute the majority of the rest. According to the city during the years 1980 and 1990, most drug-induced deaths were attributable to illicit drugs (heroin and cocaine, for example), the rates of drug-induced mortality was higher among blacks than whites. But, in 2002, rates were more likely than blacks to whites.

It was prescription drugs, particularly prescription opioid analgesics and psychotherapeutic drugs are widely prescribed by doctors. Drugs prescribed illicit drug was finally supplanted as the leading cause of death from drug overdose.

summons

Statistics

The number of male victims far exceeded females by nearly 2 to 1.

For men, the highest rates among non-Hispanic blacks or non-Hispanic whites each year.

Drug-induced increases mortality rates were higher for whites.

Asians and Pacific Islanders have much lower rates than other groups.

For women, the rates are higher among American Indians and Alaska Natives, for each year.

Studies of people, mainly white to report rates of deaths related to drug overdose are higher among low-income people.

Conclusions

The report concluded that doctors should follow existing guidelines for the prudent use of drugs that tend to be misused by patients. Regulations to prevent the illicit use of prescription drugs is necessary to strengthen and enforce. People who abuse prescription drugs must be identified and receive a referral for drug treatment.

Americans sweep the charges against Mexican drug cartels: But, few in custody

Areas Mexican drug cartels influence

According to federal figures typical of massive coordinated actions only produced eight defendants arrested in the areas of Chicago and Atlanta last week. Earlier this year, according to reports, another 10 children accused of level, all email clients or organizations have been charged separately in Chicago. Five defendants, all of New York, wholesale distributors or logistics coordinators posters, have been charged separately in Brooklyn. None of the heads of Mexican drug cartels have been arrested as a result of these accusations. In total, 58 people were charged in the investigation coordinated between the attorneys U. S. in Brooklyn and Chicago, but few have stopped.

All but one of the defendants face a maximum sentence of life imprisonment if convicted of the charges against them.

The sealed indictments seek the forfeiture together more than $ 0.8 million of income for drugs. In addition, more than 32500 kg of cocaine were seized, including about 3,000 pounds seized during the investigation of Chicago, about 7500 kg seized in the investigation of New York and 22500 kg were seized prior related activities of the Federation. attacks details as charges of 64 kg of heroin and more than $ 0.6 million in cash during the investigation.

In one of the sealed indictments in Brooklyn, Vicente Carrillo Fuentes is accused of being the leader of the violent Juarez cartel, which operates in the Juarez-El Paso corridor, a major drug smuggling routes to the Mexican border along U. S. in the southern United States. The DEA estimates that about 90 percent of the cocaine entering the United States through Mexico. The Juarez cartel would have received several tons of cocaine into Mexico from the Colombian cartels and the Norte del Valle Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a Colombian paramilitary organization and drug trafficking. Prosecutors said the Juarez cartel maintains its power through corruption and by numerous terrorist acts, including kidnappings and murders.

Three of the alleged leaders were charged in both Brooklyn and Chicago. Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman Loera, Ismael “El Mayo” Zambada Garcia and Arturo Beltran Leyva, who is apparently one of the drug traffickers in Mexico’s most powerful, it is argued that current and former leaders of a union of organized crime known as “Sinaloa Cartel” and “Federation.” Each of these is designated as a priority or CPOT organization established by the Working Group organized crime drug enforcement (OCDETF).

Overall, the Brooklyn four-and eight indictments charged in Chicago, between 1990 and December 2008, Guzman Loera, Ismael Zambada Garcia, Arturo Beltran Leyva and others were responsible for importing the U.S. and distribution of about 200 metric tons of cocaine, larger quantities of heroin, and smuggling of bulk U.S. to Mexico more than $ 0.8 million in cash receipts from the sale of narcotics in the United States and Canada.

“The charges announced today are the result of a radical effort to stop domestic and international traffic of drugs through the states of Mexico / United States and in our communities “said J. Benton Campbell, U. S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York. “We will apply all available resources to win this battle.” Mr. Campbell expressed his appreciation and gratitude to the Working Group of the ICE DEA in New York agencies to research the Eastern District, and the help provided by the ICE and DEA in Miami , Houston, Mexico and Colombia.

“These allegations are some of the most vital charges of drug conspiracy never came back to Chicago,” said Patrick J. Fitzgerald, US Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. “They charge two large organizations international supply with the importation of several tons of cocaine and large amounts of heroin to the United States, often to customers in the wholesale distribution of Chicago, as well as customers in other cities. Defendants have used nearly every way imaginable transport to go large quantities of these drugs and the funnel large amounts of money in Mexico. I applaud the efforts of the DEA investigators who have worked hard to place these files together. “Mr. Fitzgerald also thanked the agents of the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division in Chicago and US Attorney Office of the Eastern District of Wisconsin in Milwaukee for your help.” Charges today are a new attack on the leaders of the Mexican drug cartels, “said DEA Acting Administrator Michele M. Leonhart. “Our relentless investigations penetrated deep into widespread criminal organizations, connecting street operations in U.S. communities like Chicago and New York, drug lords in Mexico over the head any errors, .. with our partners in Mexico courageous, we will break the cartels and their leaders continue “

” The security forces in the Americas are working more closely than ever and the creation of a united Europe without frontiers crime against the drug cartels, “said Homeland Security Assistant Secretary for ICE John Morton. ” This is an vital step in the distribution infrastructure of criminal organizations. “

According to one of the charges in Brooklyn, between 1990 and 2005, Guzman Loera, Ismael Zambada Garcia and Arturo Beltran Leyva and Hector Beltran Leyva, Jesus Zambada Garcia Villarreal and the leaders of the Federation, conspired to import over 120 metric tons (264,000 pounds) of cocaine to the United States through agreements of cooperation and coordination that the Federation forever. The members of the Federation of shared transportation routes and obtained their drugs, drugs of various organizations Colombian drug in particular, the Colombian Norte del Valle Cartel. For example, in 2004, two shipments totaling 22,500 kilograms of cocaine were seized by the US Coast Guard off the coast of Mexico. The indictment alleges that the defendants used “rogue” or hired killers, who have conducted hundreds of acts of violence in Mexico, including killings, abductions, torture and violent collections of drug debts, under his leadership. ” / P> The indictment alleges that Chicago, in about early 2008, Arturo Beltran Leyva split his alliance with Guzman-Loera, Ismael Zambada Garcia and the Federation due to various issues, including control of drug routes lucrative U.S. and customer loyalty wholesale drugs, including the alleged leaders of a cell distribution in Chicago. The office of allegations that Guzman Loera and Ismael Zambada Garcia, with seven other key employees, including its two son, Alfredo Salazar Guzman (Guzman Loera son) and Jesus Vicente Zambada Niebla (son of Ishmael Zamada-Garcia, to be held in Mexico), under the coordination of their activities trafficking drugs to the importation of several tons quantities of cocaine from Central America and South America through Mexico and the United States using various means of transport, including the Boeing 747 cargo planes, submarines and other submersible vessels and semi-submersible, container ships , motor boats, fishing boats, buses, cars, tractor trailers and cars

Guzman Loera and Ismael Zambada Garcia would have coordinated their activities and trafficking of cocaine to heroin to wholesalers across the United States, including a cell distribution in Chicago in which 16 people were charged today sealed indictment. On average, the cell of Chicago would have received between 1,500 and 2,000 kilos of cocaine a month, sometimes, getting all or Most of this amount of Guzman Loera and Ismael Zambada Garcia and factions of the Sinaloa cartel under their control while achieving a significant part of this amount of Arturo Beltran Leyva cartel. In Chicago, the charges allege that large quantities of cocaine and heroin were distributed to customers in Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio, Detroit, Milwaukee, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, Vancouver, British Columbia. and other places

Guzman Loera, Ismael Zambada Garcia and factions of the Sinaloa cartel allegedly used various means to escape their control enforcement and to protect their drug distribution activities, including obtaining firearms and other weapons, corruption, violence and threats of violence “- – Next page>, intimidation and threats of violence from members of the police, rival drug traffickers and members of their own drug trafficking organizations. Prosecutors said Guzman Loera, Ismael Zambada Garcia and his son, Jesus Vicente Zambada Niebla, discussed obtaining weapons from the United States and the use of violence against government buildings in the United States and / or Mexico in retaliation for the execution of each country its drug laws and to perpetuate their activities with drug trafficking.

In another indictment of Brooklyn, the brothers Luis and Esteban Rodriguez Olivera-paid with the chief of the gringos, an organization of drug traffickers who shot to fame in the Federation. According to court documents, the Gueros operated a narcotics supply route that originated in Mexico spread to Texas, then divided into several areas, including metropolitan New York. Between 1996 and 2008, whites would have imported more than 100,000 kilograms of cocaine to the United States. The DEA estimates that between 2004 and 2006, the organization was responsible for sending more than 2000 kilograms of cocaine in New York alone. In January 2006, Mexican authorities seized approximately 5200 kg of cocaine from the organization in the United States.

Tirso Martinez Sanchez said one of Brooklyn to charges of being an organizer and leader of a organizing massive international drug importation, distribution and transport is responsible for the distribution of multiple tons of cocaine to the United States United States. Martinez-Sanchez organization allegedly imported cocaine to the United States from Mexico through the California and Texas, and transported the cocaine to land large distribution centers, including Los Angeles, New York and Chicago. In addition to coordinating the distribution of cocaine from his own organization, Martinez-Sanchez would also transported and distributed narcotics for members of the Juarez cartel and the Federation.

“Break the perilous cartels and stem the flow of drugs, weapons and money across the border of South West is a priority for the Department of Justice, “said Attorney General Eric Holder. “Cartels, whose leaders are accused are presumed today that multi-channel networks drugs on our streets and what invariably follows more crime and violence in our communities. Accusations today demonstrate our firm commitment to end the leaders of these criminal organizations where you are. We will continue to support our partners in Mexico to dismantle drug cartels insidious. “

” Realizing that neither of our two countries can earn more than the drug dealers on their own, we built the bilateral cooperation between the United States and Mexico that allows us to combine our resources and legal research to dismantle these transnational drug organizations and bring to justice the leaders, “said Attorney General Eduardo Medina Mora of Mexico.” We can only protect the right of societies to live in peace and harmony through our trust governments and shared responsibility. “

The cases in the Eastern District of New York are prosecuted by Assistant U. S. Lawyers Goldbarg Andrea, Claire Kedeshian, Bonnie Klapper, Stephen Meyer, Walter Norkin, Patricia and Carolyn Pokorny Notopoulos.

The cases were investigated by the DEA, ICE and the Internal Revenue Service criminal investigation, in collaboration with Colombian and Mexican law. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Attorneys Offices in Milwaukee, Miami and Houston. The Criminal Division Office of International Affairs of help in these cases. Research efforts have been coordinated with the Special Operations Division, consisting of agents, analysts and lawyers of the Section of Narcotics and Perilous Criminal Division (NDDS), DEA, FBI, ICE, the Office of Alcohol, Snuff, Guns and explosives, the U.S. Marshals Service. Internal Revenue Service and any person named in the indictment sealed today were also charged by law firms across the U.S. from other countries and NDDS

indictment is a formal charging document. inform the defendant of the charge that any person accused of indictment are presumed innocent until proven

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